Skip to content

Stop using e for compound interest

In a typical math class, e is introduced like this:

  • Imagine a bank account with 100% yearly interest. This means that anything you deposit will be doubled a year later.
  • The bank decides to compound interest twice yearly, instead of once per year. Then, every 6 months, your deposit will increase by 50%, letting you leave with 2.25x the amount you put in.
  • The bank now decides to compound interest daily, meaning that your deposit will increase by 100365% 365 times. After a year, you can leave with approximately 2.714x.
  • Finally, the bank compounds interest continuously, letting you leave with exactly e times the amount you put in after a year.

This makes sense mathematically, and in class, e=limn(1+1n)n.

But here's the problem: why is compound interest divided linearly even though the growth is exponential? If a bank account has 100% yearly interest that compounds twice yearly, it would make more sense to grow by 21 every 6 months instead of 50%. This would keep the total yearly return consistent.

Because of this, banks have to publish the interest rate, compound interval, and annual percentage yield separately.

e doesn't need to be introduced this way. It has many other nice properties:

  • expz is the only function that is its own derivative (a fixed point for the derivative operator) with the condition of exp0=1.
  • eix=cosx+isinx, so eiπ=1, and eiτ=1.
  • In general, ex is periodic with a period of iτ, showing a delightful connection between exp and trigonometric functions.

None of these topics (calculus, complex analysis, and trigonometry) require prior knowledge about e specifically, so why bring it up using compound interest?